Department Colloquium, Spring 2006

Summary
 
Date
Speaker
Title
Friday, January 13, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Ram N. Mohapatra, Univ. of Central Florida  Some Extremal Problems in Polynomial and Rational Approximation
Friday, January 20, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Joy Darley, Georgia Southern University Understanding Fractions as Numbers and 
the Ability to Perform Operations with Algebraic Expressions
Friday, January 27, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Frederic Mynard, Georgia Southern University Differentiability as continuity
Friday, February 3 , 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Francis Jordan, Georgia Southern University Connected Partitions of Continua
Friday, February 10, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Grzegorz Michalski, Georgia Southern University k-Independence in Vector Spaces over Finite Fields
Thursday, February 16, Public Lecture Series Eric McDowell, Berry College Counting
Friday, February 17, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Eric McDowell, Berry College There and Back Again:
An Introduction to the Study of Hyperspaces
Thursday, February 23, CLEC Lecture Jimmie Lawson, Louisiana State University Unraveling the Mysteries of Infinity
Friday, February 24, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Jimmie Lawson, Louisiana State University Quasicontinuous functions and a generalized calculus
Friday, March 3, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Francois Ziegler, Georgia Southern University Symplectic Geometry: Few Objects, *Many* Morphisms 
Friday, March 10, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Robert Lund, Clemson University A Random Walk Through Climate Change
Friday, March 17, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 (--- Spring Break ---)
Friday, March 24, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Xiezhang Li, Georgia Southern University Relative perturbation bounds for the eigenvalues of diagonalizable and singular matrices -- application of perturbation theory for simple invariant subspaces
Friday, March 31, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Goran Lesaja,  Georgia Southern University A Class of Large- and Small-update Primal-dual Interior-point Algorithms for Linear Optimization Based on the New Barrier Function
Friday, April 7, 3:00- 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Broderick Oluyede, Georgia Southern University On Bounds and Approximating Weighted Distributions by Exponential Distributions.
Friday, April 14, 2006 Distinguished Lecture 

3:00 - 4:00 p.m. Room 1004, College of Information Technology Building

Gene Golub, Stanford University Numerical Methods for Rapid Computation of Page Rank
Friday, April 21, 3:00- 4:00 p.m., MP3314 De Witt Sumners, Florida State University DNA Topology
Saturday, April 22, 10:00 - 12:00 p.m.
Third Public Lecture 
1. De Witt Sumners, Florida State University

2. Frederic Mynard, Georgia Southern University

1. Calculating the secrets of life: mathematics in biology and medicine

2. Everything you always wanted to know about topology but were afraid to ask

Friday, April 28, 3:00- 4:00 p.m., MP3314 Homeira Pajoohesh,  City College of New York The relationship between speed of computer algorithm and category theory and topology


Details of Spring 2006 lectures

1.  Friday, January 13, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker:  Speaker:  Ram N. Mohapatra, University of Central Florida (Host: Don Fausett)

Title:  Some Extremal Problems in Polynomial and Rational Approximation.

Abstract: We shall discuss the extremal problems associated with the bounds of the ratio of ||f'/f|| . Then we shall discuss Bernsteins's inequalities for polynomials, rational functions and rational functions with a prescribed zero. Extension of these results for weighted polynomials with Hermite and Laguerre weights will also be discussed. Generalizations of the latter results and some open problems will be mentioned.
 

2.  Friday, January 20, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Joy Darley, Georgia Southern University

Title: Understanding Fractions as Numbers and the Ability to Perform Operations with Algebraic Expressions

Abstract: In a twenty-six day design research study conducted in a ninth-grade beginning algebra classroom, activities were designed in order to lay the foundation for the use of fraction bars and number lines as quantitative models for the purpose of defining, renaming, adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing fractions.  Emphases were placed on building conceptual understanding prior to learning procedures, connecting conceptual knowledge to procedural knowledge, and the importance of the ability to abstract number operations to algebraic manipulations for future success in algebra.  Prior to this study, the students were exposed to a curriculum that emphasized rote-memorization of procedures as opposed to conceptual understanding.  The data sources utilized were pre-assessments, interviews, classroom discussions, performance assessments, and post-assessments.

Prior to instruction, many students did not see fractions as numbers.  As a result, many of these students used incorrect algorithms when working with fraction operations and were predictably unsuccessful when working with algebraic operations.  In contrast, those students who were able to recognize fractions as numbers were more likely to use correct algorithms and were more successful with both the fraction operations, and, consequently, the algebraic operations.

During instruction, students were required to show the location of a variety of fractions on the number line given the position of zero and one.  The number line was effective in helping students understand fractions as numbers.  Likewise, students were asked to locate algebraic fractions on the "algebra number line" given the position of zero and x.  The "algebra number line" was useful in bridging the gap from fractions to rational expressions.  As students became more skillful in visualizing fractions as numbers, they became more proficient with fraction operations.  Similarly, as students became more skillful in seeing rational expressions as fractions, they became more proficient with algebraic operations.  After participation, not only were students more successful with fraction and algebraic operations but were also more apt to use algorithms when solving word problems and were, therefore, more successful at solving the algebraic problems.
 
 

3.  Friday, January 27, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Frederic Mynard, Georgia Southern University

Title: Differentiability as continuity.

Abstract: We characterize differentiability of a map f: R->R in terms of continuity of a canonically associated map F.  Both the local and global differentiabilities of f are investigated.
 
 

4.  Friday, February 3, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Francis Jordan, Georgia Southern University

Title: Connected Partitions of Continua

Abstract: By a continuum I mean a compact connected metric space.  Let X be a continuum and H be the space of nonempty compact subsets of X. In the study arbitrary partitions of X into compact sets one finds that the subsets of the partition that are connected in H seem to play an important role.  So, I dedicate this talk to connected partitions of continua. I was surprised to find that for some continua every connected partition is actually compact. I am far from characterizing continua with this property.  However, there is a characterization among graphs.  I will discuss such continua.
 
 

5.  Friday, February 10, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Grzegorz Michalski, Georgia Southern University

Title: k-Independence in Vector Spaces over Finite Fields

Abstract: For a positive integer k, a set of vectors is said to be k-independent if every of its nonempty subsets that has no more than k elements is linearly independent. In a previous talk two results were presented concerning the maximal possible sizes of k-independent sets, for various k, in the n-dimensional vector space over the two-element field. This time we consider a vector space over any finite field, and obtain a generalization of one of the earlier results.
 
 

6.  Thursday, February 16, 2006. Public Lecture Series.

Speaker: Eric McDowell, Berry College. (Host: Francis Jordan)

Title: Counting

Abstract:
Once upon a time human beings had no concept of number.  They had no word or gesture to express the number of people in their village or the number of nights between full moons.

A new mother of this era would have been unable to count the number of fingers on her newborn's right hand.  However, she would have recognized that her baby's right hand had as many fingers as her own by touching each finger of her right hand to a corresponding finger of her baby's right hand.  When each of her fingers touched exactly one of his and each of his fingers touched exactly one of hers, she knew that her collection of right-hand fingers was the same size as his collection of right-hand fingers.

The pairing of each element of one collection to exactly one element of another collection so that no elements are left over is called a one-to-one correspondence.

The goal of this talk is to demonstrate how the notion of one-to-one correspondence can be used to "count" the members of very large sets.  Toward this end, we will encounter no-vacancy hotels that can accommodate additional guests, different sized sets with the same "number" of elements, and an infinite collection of different infinities.
 
 
 

7.  Friday, February 17, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Eric McDowell, Berry College. (Host: Francis Jordan)

Title:  There and Back Again: An Introduction to the Study of Hyperspaces

Abstract: A metric on a set provides us with a way to measure distance between points.  How can we use it to measure distance between sets?

The first part of this talk will offer several answers to this guiding question.  The answer that we settle upon will be used to define the notion of a hyperspace of a set.  Armed with this definition, we begin our adventures in a remarkable world where arcs turn to n-cubes and nonseparating plane continua admit fixed-point free maps.  From there, our journeys will take us back again to a hyperspace setting that looks very much like the space where we began.
 
 
 

8.  Thursday, February 23, 2006. Spring 2006 CLEC Lecture.

Speaker: Jimmie Lawson, Louisiana State University (Host: Frederic Mynard)

Title: Unraveling the Mysteries of Infinity

Abstract: Since ancient times philosophers, mathematicians, and scientists have been fascinated and mystified by the concept of the infinite.
The first important insights into the mathematics of infinity arose in the late nineteenth century in George Cantor's theory of infinite sets, which we illustrate with a mathematical variant of the story of Hercules' fifth labor, the cleansing of the Augean stables.
 
 

9.  Friday, February 24, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Jimmie Lawson, Louisiana State University (Host: Frederic Mynard)

Title: Quasicontinuous functions and a generalized calculus

Abstract: A subset of a topological space is said to be quasiopen if has a dense interior and a function is quasicontinuous if the inverse image of every open set is quasiopen.  The topological theory of quasicontinuous functions on compact metric spaces has seen considerable recent development, motivated by connections with dynamical systems and viscosity solutions of certain types of pde's.  The latter is closely connected to the ability to extend the differential calculus to the quasicontinuous setting.  We trace some of the recent developments of the topological theory of quasicontinuous functions and sketch their generalized differential calculus.
 
 
 

10.  Friday, March 3, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Francois Ziegler, Georgia Southern University

Title:  Symplectic Geometry: Few Objects, *Many* Morphisms

Abstract: Unlike riemannian manifolds (which abound but typically have no automorphisms), symplectic manifolds are rare birds with lots of symmetry. They are easily isomorphic, and their automorphism group is always infinite dimensional. Upon restriction to finite dimensional subgroups arises the key concept of a momentum map, and perhaps its most spectacular application: the complete classification (due to Kirillov, Kostant, and Souriau) of the homogeneous symplectic manifolds of any Lie group.

In this talk I will attempt a leisurely introduction to this theory, using (again) as running examples R2n and the Cotangent Bundle of the Sky - ?a.k.a. the space of light rays, of interest in optics.
 
 

11.  Friday, March 10, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Robert Lund, Department of Mathematical Sciences Clemson University

Title:  A Random Walk Through Climate Change

Abstract: This talk examines several statistical issues encountered in temperature trend time series analyses.  Regression models with autocorrelated errors are introduced as the primary analysis vehicle.  These models are used to study the famous Hansen-Lebedeff series of global temperatures and over 700 local temperature recording stations in the 48 contiguous United States.  Issues of changepoints, periodicities, regression response form, and regression memory error structure take prominent roles.  Spatial smoothings of temperature change rates in the United States over the last 150 years show a cooling Southeast and a warming Northeast and West.
 
 
 

12.  Friday, March 24, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Xiezhang Li, Georgia Southern University.

Title: Relative perturbation bounds for the eigenvalues of diagonalizable and singular matrices -- application of perturbation theory for simple invariant subspaces.

Abstract: Perturbation bounds for the relative error in the eigenvalues of diagonalizable and singular matrices are derived by using perturbation theory for simple invariant subspaces of a matrix and the group inverse of a matrix. These upper bounds are supplements to the related perturbation bounds for the eigenvalues of diagonalizable and nonsingular matrices.
 
 

13.  Friday, March 31, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: Goran Lesaja,  Georgia Southern University

Title: A Class of Large- and Small-update Primal-dual Interior-point Algorithms for Linear Optimization Based on the New Barrier Function

Abstract: In the paper we present a class of polynomial primal-dual interior-point algorithms for linear optimization based on a new kernel function. This kernel function is not a self-regular function because its growth term is increasing at the rate that is between linear and quadratic as opposed to self-regular functions where it is increasing at least quadratically. Several new arguments had to be developed regarding the new kernel function in order to complete the complexity analysis of the algorithms. The obtained complexity bounds match the best known complexity bounds obtained for these methods based on self-regular functions.
 
 

14.  Friday, April 7, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker:Broderick Oluyede, Georgia Southern University

Title: On Bounds and Approximating Weighted Distributions by Exponential Distributions.

Abstract:  Exponential Approximations to the class of weighted residual and equilibrium distributions with monotone weight functions are presented. These bounds and approximations are obtained for the class of life distributions with increasing (decreasing) hazard rate and mean residual life functions. Estimation of reliability measures from censored data as well as Bayesian estimation of the length-biased exponential reliability function are presented.
 
 

15.  Friday, April 14, 3:00 - 4:00 p.m. 2006 Distinguished Lecture. Room 1004 (Auditorium), Information Technology Building.

Speaker: Gene Golub, Standord University (Host: Don Fausett)

Title: Numerical Methods for Rapid Computation of Page Rank

Abstract: We consider the problem of iteratively computing the stationary distribution vector of large finite Markov chains. It is assumed that the matrices involved are too large for a decompositional approach to be effective, and matrix-vector products must be used. The problem is motivated by Google's PageRank algorithm for large web databases. We consider an Arnoldi-type restarted algorithm based on a combination of Arnoldi and the SVD. Connection of the algorithm to other techniques such as the quadratic extrapolation method is discussed, and the sensitivity of the PageRank problem is also addressed. Numerical examples illustrate the performance and convergence behavior of the algorithm. This is a Joint work with Chen Greif.
 
 

16.  Friday, April 21, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speaker: De Witt Sumners, Florida State University (Host: Frederic Mynard)

Title: DNA Topology

Abstract: Cellular DNA is a long, thread-like molecule with remarkably complex topology. Enzymes which manipulate the geometry and topology of cellular DNA perform many important cellular processes (including segregation of daughter chromosomes, gene regulation, DNA repair, and generation of antibody diversity). Some enzymes pass DNA through itself via enzyme-bridged transient breaks in the DNA; other enzymes break the DNA apart and reconnect it to different ends. In the topological approach to enzymology, circular DNA is incubated with an enzyme, producing an enzyme signature in the form of DNA knots and links. By observing the changes in DNA geometry (supercoiling) and topology (knotting and linking) due to enzyme action, the enzyme binding and mechanism can often be characterized. This expository lecture will discuss topological models for DNA strand passage and exchange, and using the spectrum of DNA knots to infer bacteriophage DNA packing in viral capsids.
 

17.  Saturday, April 22, 2006, Public Lecture Series. Room: 1005 Information Technology Building.

Lecture 1 : De Witt Sumners, Florida State University (Host: Frederic Mynard)

Title: Calculating the secrets of life: mathematics in biology and medicine.

Abstract: The human body is an extremely complicated biological system. Spurred by spectacular recent progress, biology and medicine are experiencing an explosion of data. In order to convert this firehose of data into usable knowledge, mathematics and computation (both old and new) are needed to build models and navigational tools. This talk is intended for a general audience, and will briefly discuss a few applications to show the impact that mathematics can have in biology and medicine: in the cell (understanding how enzymes operate on DNA); in the heart (controlling fibrillation); and in the brain (understanding brain function).

Lecture 2: Frederic Mynard, Georgia Southern University

Title: Everything you always wanted to know about topology but were afraid to ask.

Abstract: Topology is NOT the study of terrain and terrain change as people sometime believe. In other words,  topology and topography are two different things. So, what is topology? This is what this talk will be about (hence, I'm not giving it away!). Topological ideas underly a very large part of modern mathematics and are the foundation of many notions and theories, even Calculus. But we don't need to talk about sophisticate mathematics to understand what topology is about. Geometric considerations easy to follow for a high school students will be sufficient for a start. Then, a closer look at notions from Calculus will lead us to a deeper understanding of topology and its more technical role in mathematics.
 

18.  Friday, April 28, 2006, 3:00 p.m. - 4:00 p.m.  Room: MP 3314.

Speakers: Homeira Pajoohesh,  City College of New York (Host: Frederic Mynard)

Title: The relationship between speed of computer algorithm and category theory and topology

Abstract: Binary trees are very useful tools in computer science for estimating the running time of comparison based algorithms, that is, algorithms in which every action is ultimately based on a prior comparison between two elements.
For two given algorithms A and B, where the decision tree of A is more balanced than that of B, it is known that the
average and worst case times of A will be better than those of B. Thus the most balanced and the most imbalanced
binary trees play a major role. Here we define balance and consider each comparison based algorithm as semilattices and characterize the most balanced and the most imbalanced binary trees by topological and categorical properties. Also we
define the composition of binary trees as a commutative binary operation, *, such that for binary trees A and B, A*B is the binary tree obtained by attaching a copy of B to each leaf of A. We show that for the collection T of binary trees, (T, *)  is a commutative po-monoid and investigate its properties.
 

Please direct questions or comments regarding the colloquium to  Sze-Man Ngai: mailto:ngai@gsu.mat.georgiasouthern.edu.
 

( Last updated: April  24, 2006.)